Seven opportunities of China's economy under the 'new normal'(3)

但廣大的中西部和東北地區(qū)人均GDP依然不足5000美元,工業(yè)化依然處于高速發(fā)展的中期階段.這不僅為東部產(chǎn)業(yè)升級提供有效的騰挪空間,也為中西部加速發(fā)展提供了契機.因此,中國產(chǎn)業(yè)的梯度大轉(zhuǎn)移不僅大大延緩了中國工業(yè)化紅利消退的速度,同時通過構(gòu)建多元化的增長極使中國空間布局更加科學(xué).

Fourth, the opportunity from "talents" and seeking second round of demographic dividend. The arrival of Lewis Turning Point and drawing close of aged society mean the traditional population dividend of China is wearing off. But it must be pointed out that it is only in the migrant worker sector that the problems of "being difficult to hire qualified workers" and "labor cost being on the rise" are most prominent. The layout of China's employment market features both "the difficulty of college students to land a job" and "the lack of migrant workers".

第四,"大人才"與構(gòu)建第二次人口紅利的機遇.劉易斯拐點的到來和老齡社會的逼近意味著中國傳統(tǒng)的人口紅利開始消退.但必須注意的是,目前"招工難"和"用工貴"問題主要凸顯在農(nóng)民工領(lǐng)域.中國的就業(yè)格局是"大學(xué)生就業(yè)難"與"民工荒"相并存.

With up to 7 million college students graduating every year, the starting salary of these students have started to draw close to that of farmer-turned workers. But that is the key point for China to shift from a populous country to one with powerful human resources.

每年高達(dá)700多萬大學(xué)生畢業(yè)壓力已經(jīng)使大學(xué)生就業(yè)起薪與農(nóng)民工平均工資開始拉平.而這恰恰是中國從人口大國邁向人力資源強國的關(guān)鍵.

It manifests that a large number of well-educated people have prepared China's industry upgrading with massive highly qualified and low-cost backup reserves. The second round of population dividend that features college students and human resources is replacing the traditional population dividend that features migrant workers and low-end labor force.

這說明大規(guī)模受過高等教育的人群已經(jīng)為中國產(chǎn)業(yè)升級準(zhǔn)備了大規(guī)模高素質(zhì)、低成本的產(chǎn)業(yè)后備大軍.以大學(xué)生和人力資源為核心的第二次人口紅利開始替代以農(nóng)民工和低端勞動力為核心的傳統(tǒng)人口紅利.

Fifth, the opportunity from "major innovation" and constructing technology dividend. When screening the various indexes of China's technology innovation, we will find that the new innovative development approach is taking shape while the extensive mode of economic development comes to an end. First, there is a significant growth in the number of patent applications: the number reached 2.577 million in 2013, up 15.9 percent. It accounts for 32.1 percent of the world's total, ranking the top in the world. Second, the expenditure in R&D increased significantly: it accounts for 2.09 percent of China's GDP in 2014, up 12.4 percent, or growing in a high-speed, moderate intensity level. Third, there is a great boost in the prosperity of technology market: in 2013 the trade volume in technology market reached 746.9 billion yuan, up 16 percent. Fourth, the export of high-tech products rose substantially, with the total volume climbing to $660.3 billion, or 30 percent of the total export volume. Fifth, the number of technology papers published overseas drew close to 300,000, making China one of the major powers of technology papers. Sixth, China boasts the world's largest team of researchers in science and technology sector. All these figures show that China will gradually obtain the dividend in technological innovation as long as it deepens reforms in technological system and encourages all kinds of innovative and creative activities. "Made in China" is shifting to "Innovate by China", along with the shift from labor intensive manufacturing to knowledge intensive industries.