全球氣候會(huì)議簡史
Climate Summit: A Brief History
The international political response to climate change began with the adoption of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, which sets out a framework for action aimed at stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to avoid "dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." The Convention, which entered into force on 21 March 1994, now has 195 parties.
1992年,國際社會(huì)首次對(duì)氣候變化做出政治回應(yīng),通過了《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》（UNFCCC）.這份公約提出了一套旨在維持大氣中溫室氣體濃度穩(wěn)定的行動(dòng)框架,以避免"人類對(duì)氣候造成危險(xiǎn)的破壞".1994年3月21日,《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》正式生效,目前共有195個(gè)締約方.
In December 1997, delegates to the third Conference of the Parties (COP) in Kyoto, Japan, agreed to a protocol to the UNFCCC that committed industrialized countries and countries in transition to a market economy to achieve emission reduction targets. These countries, known as Annex I parties under the UNFCCC, agreed to reduce their overall emissions of six GHGs by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in 2008-2012 (first commitment period), with specific targets varying from country to country. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005, and now has 192 parties.
1997年12月在日本京都,參加第3次締約方會(huì)議（COP）的代表們達(dá)成了UNFCCC的補(bǔ)充協(xié)議,承諾工業(yè)化國家與向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡的國家聯(lián)手,實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室氣體減排目標(biāo).與會(huì)國家——即UNFCCC"附件一締約方"——同意,2008至2012年（第1承諾期）,實(shí)現(xiàn)6種溫室氣體的排放量比1990年平均減少5%.《京都議定書》于2005年2月16日正式生效,目前共有192個(gè)締約方.
LONG-TERM NEGOTIATIONS IN 2005-2009
2005年-2009年間的漫長談判
Convening in Montreal, Canada, in 2005, the first Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 1) decided to establish the Ad Hoc Working Group on Annex I Parties' Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) in accordance with Protocol Article 3.9, which mandated consideration of Annex I parties' further commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period.
2005年,《京都議定書》締約方第一次會(huì)議（CMP1）在加拿大蒙特利爾召開.會(huì)議根據(jù)《京都議定書》第3.9項(xiàng)條款——至少在第1個(gè)承諾期結(jié)束之前七年開始審議締約方后續(xù)承諾,決定成立《京都議定書》特設(shè)工作組（AWG-KP）.
COP 11 created a process to consider long-term cooperation under the Convention through a series of four workshops known as "the Convention Dialogue."
第11次締約方會(huì)議（COP）還創(chuàng)立新流程,通過4個(gè)統(tǒng)稱為"會(huì)議對(duì)話"的研討會(huì),考慮締約方之間的長期合作.
In December 2007, COP 13 and CMP3 inBali, Indonesia, resulted in agreement on the Bali Roadmap on long-term issues. COP 13 adopted the Bali Action Plan (BAP) and established the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) with a mandate to focus on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology and a shared vision for long-term cooperative action. Negotiations on Annex I parties' further commitments continued under the AWG-KP. The deadline for concluding the two-track negotiations was Copenhagen in 2009.
