下面是一些有趣的猜測(cè)：其一,聰明人往往更傾向于約束自己,比如,開車謹(jǐn)慎,飲食健康,拒絕吸煙,鍛煉身體.沃利和蒂爾瑞發(fā)現(xiàn),20世紀(jì)50年代曝光吸煙有害健康之后,智商較高的群體戒煙的可能性更大.也就是說,聰明人更懂得如何避免健康危機(jī).
Another hypothesis is that a high IQ is a signifier of a sturdy constitution and a body that's going to last - it's essentially a signifier rather than a cause, some scientists believe. One study published in 2005 found that better reaction times specifically helped people live longer - so a high IQ is possibly an indication of an efficient nervous system, rather than being itself a cause of longer life, the researchers proposed.
另一個(gè)猜測(cè)是,有些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,高智商是強(qiáng)健、耐受體質(zhì)的標(biāo)志,而不是長壽的原因.2005年發(fā)布的研究表明,反應(yīng)越快的人活得越久,研究者因而指出,高智商很有可能就是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的標(biāo)志,但它本身不是長壽的原因.
Alternatively, or perhaps in addition to the above suggestions, it could be that genes are contributing to the link between IQ and longevity. Hambrick cites a recent study involving twins that provides the first evidence for this hypothesis:
除了上述的猜測(cè),另一種可能性就是基因?qū)е铝酥巧毯蛪勖g的關(guān)聯(lián).漢布里克引用了最近有關(guān)雙胞胎的一項(xiàng)研究,為這一假設(shè)提供首個(gè)依據(jù)：
"Twin studies disentangle the effects of environmental and genetic factors on an outcome such as intelligence or lifespan by comparing identical twins, who share 100 percent of their genes, and fraternal twins, who on average share only 50 percent of their genes. [The researchers] performed statistical analyses to estimate the contribution of genetic factors to the IQ-lifespan relationship. The results were clear and consistent: genes accounted for most of the relationship."
"通過比較同卵雙胞胎（百分之百的基因相同）和異卵雙胞胎（平均只有百分之五十的基因相同）,研究者理清了環(huán)境和基因因素對(duì)智力和壽命的影響,他們分析了數(shù)據(jù)以推測(cè)基因因素對(duì)智商和壽命的關(guān)系起到的作用.結(jié)果明確而一致：大部分二者的關(guān)系能用基因解釋."
It's a complicated area of science, particularly as an IQ score doesn't necessarily directly represent intelligence, and can be affected by social class, education standards, and other cultural factors - if you're preconditioned to think you'll do badly in an exam, for example. Nevertheless, the link is there - and researchers are still trying to find out why.
關(guān)于智商與壽命的研究是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的科學(xué)問題：智商值不能直接代表智力.因?yàn)橹橇�會(huì)受到社會(huì)階級(jí)、教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和其他文化因素的影響.因此,可別認(rèn)為智商值低就考不好試.無論如何,智商和壽命是一定存在某種關(guān)聯(lián)的,只是研究者還需要試著去發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)中原因,揭開奧秘.
