研究證實：越聰明,越長壽
Study confirms link between higher intelligence and longer life expectancy
A survey of more than 2,000 people living in the UK has found that those with a higher IQ are more likely to live a longer life. Researchers analysed data from the Scottish Mental Surveys - in which almost every 11-year-old in Scotland was given the same IQ test on the same day in 1932 - and tracked the participants' lives up to when they passed away.
基于對2000多名英國居民的調查,研究結果顯示：智商越高的人長壽的幾率越大.研究者分析了來源于蘇格蘭心智調查的數據：1932年,幾乎每個11歲的蘇格蘭兒童都在同一天接受了相同的智商測試,之后測試者將接受追蹤調查,直至他們去世.
Even when factors such as economic status and employment level were accounted for, the smarter kids ended up living longer than those with lower IQs. These results correlate to several previous studies that have found a link between IQ and mortality when other factors were filtered out.
即使經濟地位和就業水平等因素都被考慮在內,調查仍舊顯示,智商高的孩子壽命更長.這些結果與先前的研究不謀而合,即在排除其它因素的條件下,智商與死亡率有一定的關聯.
"Subjects who died before 1 January 1997 had a significantly lower mean IQ at age 11 years than subjects who were alive or untraced," says the report, published in the British Medical Journal. "Our data shows that high mental ability in late childhood reduces the chances of death up to age 76 years."
發表于《英國醫學雜志》的報告顯示：1997年1月1日前去世的調查對象11歲時的平均智商遠遠低于當時還健在的和沒接受追蹤調查的群體,數據表明,如果一個人在童年后期表現出較高的心智能力,76歲前死亡的幾率會有所降低.
The numbers crunched by Lawrence Whalley from the University of Aberdeen and Ian Deary from the University of Edinburgh show that someone with an IQ of 115 at age 11 was 21 percent more likely to be alive at the age of 76 than someone with an IQ of 100 (the general average), as David Z. Hambrick at Scientific American reports.
《科學美國人》的戴維·漢布里克報道稱,由阿伯丁大學的勞倫斯·沃利和愛?ご笱У囊煉鰲さ俁鴯浪愕氖菹允?智商值為115的11歲兒童活到76歲的幾率比智商值為100（平均水平）的兒童高21%.
We don't yet understand why this is the case, but more than 20 longitudinal studies (studies with data points covering a long period of time) carried out around the world have found similar links.
這一現象是如何產生的呢？我們也尚未發現原因所在,但是全世界20多個縱向追蹤研究都發現智商與壽命間有類似的關聯, 這些研究數據均來自長時間的調查.
There are some interesting hypotheses: one is that intelligent people are more likely to strap themselves in while driving, choose to eat a healthy diet, avoid smoking, and exercise more often. Whalley and Deary found that those with a higher IQ were more likely to quit smoking after its negative health effects were publicised in the 1950s. In other words, smart people might just be better at avoiding things that are going to kill them.
