河長
river chiefs
China will appoint local government heads as river chiefs across the nation to clean up and protect its water resources, said guidelines published by Chinese central authorities Sunday.
中共中央發(fā)布的意見指出,我國要在全國范圍內(nèi)任命當?shù)卣I導為"河長",以清理和保護各地水資源.
Much as mayors and county heads are responsible for their beats, river chiefs will be responsible for the management and protection of the watercourses, according to a document forwarded by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council.
中辦和國辦發(fā)布的文件指出,就像市長和縣長要為自己所管轄的地區(qū)負責一樣,河長也要為當?shù)睾拥赖墓芾砗捅Ｗo負責.
"河長"（river chief）就是河流管護的第一責任人.在全面推廣的河長制責任體系中,各地將建立省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)四級河長體系（government officials will be hired as river chiefs at provincial, city, county and township levels）；各?ㄗ災吻⒅畢絞校┥枇⒆芎映?由黨委或政府主要負責同志擔任（heads of provincial regions will be general chiefs that are responsible for all rivers and lakes in the region）.
各級河長的主要任務包括：加強水資源保護（resource protection）；加強河湖水域岸線管理保護（shoreline management and protection）；加強水污染防治（water pollution prevention and control）；加強水環(huán)境治理（water environment management）；加強水生態(tài)修復（ecological restoration）；加強執(zhí)法監(jiān)管（law enforcement monitoring）.
【河長制的由來】
2007年5月,太湖藍藻大面積爆發(fā)（blue algae outbreak）,水源惡化,市民搶購純凈水.河道久無清淤、企業(yè)違法排污、河道污染嚴重……
當年8月,無錫市印發(fā)《無錫市河(湖、庫、蕩、氿)斷面水質(zhì)控制目標及考核辦法(試行)》,將河流斷面水質(zhì)檢測結(jié)果（water quality test results of the river cross section）納入各市縣區(qū)黨政主要負責人政績考核內(nèi)容,各市縣區(qū)不按期報告或拒報、謊報水質(zhì)檢測結(jié)果的,按有關規(guī)定追究責任.
2008年6月,江蘇在太湖流域推廣"河長制"：每條河由省市兩級領導共同擔任"河長".各級黨政主要負責人是河流管護第一責任人.效果立竿見影.太湖主要入湖河流之一的太滆南運河長期受污染問題困擾.江蘇省和宜興市兩級"河長"實地督查污染源、排污口,河流水質(zhì),沿河生態(tài)得到較大恢復.2011年至2016年,79個"河長制"管理斷面水質(zhì)綜合判定達標率基本維持在70%以上.
此后,北到松花江流域,南至滇池,"河長制"走向全國.北京、天津、江蘇、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、海南8省市全境推行"河長制",16個省區(qū)市部分實行"河長制".
