High royalties key reason behind Qualcomm fine: NDRC

The "unfair" and "excessively high" royalties Qualcomm Inc collected from Chinese smartphone makers were the key factors that led to the historical fine, the National Development and Reform Commission said on Tuesday.

"Qualcomm refused to provide patent list to its customers in China and out-of-date patents were included in the licensing package and charged," the NDRC said in a statement.

Other major breaches that violated the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law include product bundling and adding unreasonable conditions in the sale of baseband chips, the NDRC said.

The United States chip giant was fined 6.08 billion yuan ($975 million) according to the Anti-Monopoly Law, the amount accounts for 8 percent of the company's 2013 revenue in China.